theories of acculturation

Proc. As for the idea of his reaching the place in the sky where the sun sets, this is something impossible, and the tales told by storytellers that he traveled so far to the west that the sun set behind him are not true at all. Manual Diagnstico y Estadstico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-5) [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM5)]. In this sense, the multiple different explanatory theories of depression have given rise to a plethora of different treatments (psychotherapeutic, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, etc.) And that thing is theory. Depresin y suicidio en la adolescencia [Depression and suicide in adolescence], in Deteccin y Prevencin en el Aula de Los Problemas del Adolescente [Detection and Prevention of Adolescent's Problems in the Classroom], ed C. Saldaa (Madrid: Pirmide), 8399. Associations between psychiatric comorbidities and sleep disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Bilbao: Descle de Brouwer. JAMA J. 205, 246247. Another study carried out with girls aged 710 years (Evans et al., 2013) observed that internalizing an unrealistically thin ideal body predicted disordered eating attitudes through body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint and depression. Associations between insecure attachment among children and negative self-concept, sensitivity to loss, and an increased risk of depression in childhood and adolescence have been reported (Armsden et al., 1990; Koback et al., 1991; Kenny et al., 1993; Roelofs et al., 2006; Allen et al., 2007; Chorot et al., 2017). Psicol. doi: 10.1177/0143034306067284. Ethnographic fieldwork had been undertaken mainly in colonial situations characterized by contact between conquering and conquered cultures.This experience produced a theory of cultural cross-fertilization (acculturation) and culture change. Depression is the principal cause of illness and disability in the world. In simple terms, assimilation is the method by which a person or a (2015). McCullough, J. P. (2003). Clinical evaluation of a self-rating scale for depressive disorder in childhood (Depression Self-Rating Scale). The American Psychological Association's Society of Clinical Psychology [American Psychological Association, Society of Clinical Psychology (APA), 2017] has published a list of psychological treatments that have been tested with the most scientific rigor and which, moreover, have been found to be most effective in treating depression. For its part, dysthymia is a chronic depression of mood, lasting at least several years, which is not sufficiently severe, or in which individual episodes are not sufficiently prolonged, to justify a diagnosis of mild, moderate, or severe recurrent depressive disorder. Am. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) claims that prevention programs reduce the risk of suffering from depression, it has yet to be ascertained what type of programs and what contents are the most effective. Psychoneuroendocrinology 88, 1723. [citation needed] However, he is not depicted as a warrior and conqueror, but as a seeker of truth who eventually finds the Ab-i Hayat (Water of Life). Depending on the specific aim of the evaluation or research study, a broader diagnostic measure, such as those outlined in Table 3, may also provide valuable information. Consult. Behav. dplacer vers la barre latrale There are certainly theories about applying this concept to organize syllabifor language learning, but this seems unnecessarilycomplex for the average, independent learner. Psychol. New York, NY: Basic Books. [16] The Syriac legend was the source of an Arabic variant called the Qisas Dhul-Qarnayn (Tales of Dhul-Qarnayn)[17] and a Persian variant called the Iskandarnamah[de] (Book of Alexander), as well as Armenian and Ethiopic translations. Dual Process Theories of Reasoning; Close A Theory for the Age of Personal Control. J. 17, 916. Ibn Kathir contends that Dhul-Qarnayn did reach the farthest place that could be travelled west but not the "resting place" of the sun and he goes on to mention that the People of the Book (Jews and Christians) tell myths about Dhul-Qarnayn travelling so far beyond the end of the Earth that the sun was "behind him." Psychol. Elle relve plutt de situations pathologiques et pourrait tre le rsultat de discrimination et d'exclusion lgard de l'individu migrant (Berry)[8]. Gonzlez, J., Fernndez, S., Prez, E., and Santamara, P. (2004). Notably, the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mu'tasim (794842 AD) had ordered the translation of the Thesaurus Alexandri, a work on elixirs and amulets, from Greek and Latin into Arabic. (2014) argue that pathological attachment during early childhood has serious consequences for adults' ability to experience and internalize positive relationships. Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Italy. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.71.1.3, Spence, S. H., Sheffield, J. K., and Donovan, C. L. (2005). Med. Disorganized infant, child, and adult attachment: collapse in behavioral and attentional strategies. Longitudinal relations among maternal depressive symptoms, maternal mind-mindedness, and infant attachment behavior. Preventing depression among early adolescents in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled study of the Penn Resiliency Program. (2001). 15, 319332. J. Sch. SSRIs or serotonergic antidepressants are the ones that have been most extensively studied in this population. These same authors also advise against the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to dietary restrictions, interactions with other medication and the lack of clinical trials with sufficiently large groups which guarantee their efficacy. Young, J. F., Mufson, L., and Gallop, R. (2010). Le choix des stratgies d'acculturation se fait dabord en fonction du positionnement de l'individu entre sa culture d'origine et celle de la socit daccueil. The Interactional Nature of Depression. (1988) found that depressed children had a more depressive attributional style and more self-control problems. Dialogues Clin. (1993). Programa Fortius. Ce sont la fois les dialogues, en in ou en off tant quils font partie de laction filme (y compris par exemple le son des appels tlphoniques reus par les personnages), et tout ce qui peut tre entendu par les personnages prsents dans la squence. Similarly, cognitive strategies include the identification of cognitive errors, also known as cognitive restructuring. They are therefore particularly dangerous in cases of attempted suicide. Although scientific literature reports that targeted programs obtain better outcomes than universal ones, the latter type nevertheless offer certain advantages, since they reach a larger number of people without the social stigma attached to having been specially selected (Roberts et al., 2003; Huggins et al., 2008). 18, 393406. Iruela, L. M., Picazo, J., and Pelez, C. (2009). The discussion of each anthropological theory or approach is organized into a common set of topics: Main Office doi: 10.1177/0272431693013004004, Kleftaras, G., and Didaskalou, E. (2006). Other studies report alterations in the brain structure: smaller hippocampus, amygdala, and frontal lobe (Whittle et al., 2014). doi: 10.5093/ed2013a6, Garaigordobil, M., Bernaras, E., Jaureguizar, J., and Matxinbarrena, J. M. (2017). (1979). Zuwiyya, David Z. Rev. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript. These authors also found that young people with negligent mothers and authoritarian fathers had higher levels of clinical maladjustment. doi: 10.1207/S15327752JPA7803_05. 34, 643649. A systems approach to stress, stressors and resilience in humans. This identification is accepted by the church fathers [41]. Cognitive Therapy (Beck, 1987). The category Other specified depressive disorder is used when the symptoms characteristic of a depressive disorder appear and cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning but do not comply with all the criteria of any depressive disorder, and the clinician opts to communicate the specific reason for this. Public Health 13:831. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13080831, Garber, J., Clarke, G. N., Robin Weersing, V., Beardslee, W. R., Brent, D. A., Gladstone, T. R. G., et al. The Quran and the Alexander romance both have it that Dhul-Qarnayn (or Alexander) travelled a great deal. Dysfunctional attitudes and attachment style among clinically depressed adults. The Christianized peoples of the Near East, inheritors of both the Hellenic as well as Judaic strands of the Alexander romance, further theologized Alexander until in some stories he was depicted as a saint. Alexander the Great was portrayed in his own time with horns following the iconography of the Egyptian god Ammon-Ra, who held the position of transcendental, self-created creator deity "par excellence". Etiological theories of mental illness determine the care and treatment mentally ill individuals receive. In simple terms, assimilation is the method by which a person or a Child Adolesc. In 1991, the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) claimed that there was insufficient evidence to confirm a causal association between SSRIs and suicide. A legacy of colonialism was the great differential between wealthy and less wealthy parts of the world. Res. This site was conceived as an introduction to some of the basic approaches that cultural anthropologists have pursued They may be single, recurrent (brief), or specified episodes. Sci. Certain Muslim people of Central Asia, specifically Bulgar, Tatar and Bashkir peoples of the Volga-Ural region (within what is today Tatarstan in the Russian Federation), carried on a rich tradition of the Alexander legend well into the 19th century. In adolescent depression, the cognitive-behavioral therapy and the Interpersonal TherapyAdolescent seem to have a well-established efficacy. The main classifications of mental disorders are the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2014), published by the American Psychiatric Association, which has become a key reference in clinical practice, and version 10 of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10, 1992), published by the WHO, which classifies and codifies all diseases, although initially its aim was to chart mortality rates. Enfin, l'empreinte du behaviorisme est toujours prsente, travers une approche passive du sujet qui se trouve soumis la puissance de son environnement culturel, qu'il soit celui dans lequel il sest encultur ou celui dans lequel il volue aprs sa migration. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2004.10.001. Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation. Psychol. The Indo-Aryan migrations were the migrations into the Indian subcontinent of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages, the predominant languages of today's North India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Maldives.Indo-Aryan population movements into the region from Central Asia are considered to have started after Parental behavior has been studied from two different perspectives: warmth and control. The Jewish historian Flavius Josephus (37100 AD) mentions that: a nation of the Alans, whom we have previously mentioned elsewhere as being Scythians travelled through a passage which King Alexander [the Great] shut up with iron gates.[44]. Behav. Child Adolesc. Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., and Ryan, N. (1996). J. Psychiatry 171, 564571. Psychiatry 43, 538547. With the constant key word being depression, the search for information cross-referenced a series of other key words also, namely: childhood, adolescence, explanatory theories, etiology, evaluation instruments, prevention programs, and treatment. The Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale: assessment of its evaluative properties over the course of an 8-week pediatric pharmacotherapy trial. Ethnographic fieldwork had been undertaken mainly in colonial situations characterized by contact between conquering and conquered cultures.This experience produced a theory of cultural cross-fertilization (acculturation) and culture change. Depression: Causes and Treatment, 2nd Edn. Rev. A similar theme is elaborated upon in several places in the Islamic hadith literature, in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim: It is narrated that the Messenger of Allah one day said: Do you know where the sun goes? Various scholars have used a synthesis of evidence to present models to suggest an answer to the questions that surround the Anglo-Saxon settlement. Subsequently, the contributions made by each of these theories regarding depression were studied by conducting searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Science direct, and Google Scholar. Change 18, 3650. The story of the wonder-stone is not found in the Syriac Christian legend, but is found in Jewish Talmudic traditions about Alexander as well as in Persian traditions. Neurol. Prevention of anxiety symptoms in children: results from a universal school-based trial. To get a quick rundown of early language learning theory, lets take a quick look at the ideas of three brilliant philosophers who youve probably already heard of. Suicidal thoughts and acts are common and a number of somatic symptoms are usually present. 282, 144154. In simple terms, assimilation is the method by which a person or a Stressful life events and depression symptoms: the effect of childhood emotional abuse on stress reactivity. doi: 10.1007/BF01447664, Gonzlez De Rivera, J. L., De Las Cuevas, C., Rodrguez-Abun, M. J., and Rodrguez-Pulido, F. (2002). Personality and the moment at which events occur are both involved in the relationship between depression and stressful life events, although biological factors such as serotonergic functioning (Caspi et al., 2010) also exert an influence. The results revealed that both family conflict and family cohesion were related to depressive symptoms. However, when parents changed their interactions with their child and adopted more positive expectations regarding their cure, they felt a more sustained sense of hope. In the legend's original form, Alexander's Gates are located at the Pass of Dariel. The Laments of the Philosophers eventually gained enormous popularity in Europe:[15], [The 'Sayings of the Philosophers' are] remarks of the philosophers gathered at the tomb of Alexander, who utter a series of apophthegms on the theme of the brevity of life and the transience of human achievement a work entitled 'Sayings of the Philosophers' was first composed in Syriac in the sixth century; a longer Arabic version was composed by Hunayan Ibn Ishaq (809-973) the distinguished scholar-translator, and a still longer one by al-Mubashshir ibn Fatiq (who also wrote a book about Alexander) around 1053. Cultural change and adaptation. Selon les chercheurs Redfield, Linton et Herskovits, l'acculturation renvoie l'ensemble des phnomnes rsultant dun contact continu et direct entre groupes d'individus appartenant diffrentes cultures et aboutissant des transformations qui affectent les modles culturels originaux de l'un ou des deux groupes. RCADS: evaluacin de los sntomas de trastornos de ansiedad y depresin en nios y adolescentes [RCADS: evaluation of symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders in children and adolescents]. Rev. [15], The Greek variants of the Alexander romance continued to evolve until, in the 4th century, the Greek legend was translated into Latin by Julius Valerius Alexander Polemius (where it is called the Res gestae Alexandri Magni) and from Latin it spread to all major vernacular languages of Europe in the Middle Ages. Meas. Rams were a symbol of virility due to their rutting behaviour; the , On peut se fliciter que le cinma soit n muet, car, priv des dialogues, il a t oblig dinventer son propre langage qui en 1926, larrive du sonore, touche la perfection. J. Psychiatry 36, 272275. Psychoneuroendocrinology 36, 352371. Children's Depression Scale. Assimilation and acculturation are two important theories in sociology and deal with the change in people. It was transferred to the passes through the Caucasus, on the other side of the Caspian, by the more fanciful historians of Alexander. De plus, l'insistance vouloir prsenter la continuit des cultures, en particulier occidentales, malgr les apports des minorits par rinterprtations, restructurations, facteurs de changements, renvoie une conception essentialiste de la culture, chre aux culturalistes. doi: 10.1375/ajgc.18.2.182, Ingram, R. E. (1984). Psychol. La thorie darwinienne de la slection naturelle est ne de doctrines propres aux domaines sociaux ou socio-conomiques comme le Malthusianisme pour retourner immdiatement ces domaines. Child Psychol. Depression. doi: 10.1037/10749-000. [10] The majority of modern researchers of the Qur'an as well as Islamic commentators identify Dhul Qarnayn as Alexander the Great.[10]. Child Adolesc. Mais les groupes socialement les plus forts n'arrivent pas toujours s'imposer aux groupes les plus faibles. Factors such as a history of additional interpersonal losses, added stress factors, a history of psychiatric problems in the family and prior psychopathology (including depression) increase the risk of depression in adolescents (Brent et al., 1993). Psychother. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.007, Krefetz, D. G., Steer, R. A., Gulab, N. A., and Beck, A. T. (2002). Strategies are used to teach patients to decrease avoidance and negative cognitions, and to increase focus on the present. They represent him as a world conqueror, who subjugated the two horns or ends of the world, the lands of the rising and of the setting sun [41].

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