mesopotamian god weh
And the origin of the name Yahweh isn't a . He was the son of Anu and was derived from an earlier Sumerian God, Iskur. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Lulal, also known as Latarak in Akkadian. Shul-utul was the tutelary god of the dynasty started by Ur-Nanshe. The word 'mesopotamia' comes from the ancient words 'meso', which means 'middle', and 'potamos', which means 'river or stream'. [9] [10] As such, cult statues were given constant care and attention [11] [9] and a set of priests were assigned to tend to them. In 598 BCE they invaded Judah and sacked Jerusalem, destroying the temple of Solomon and taking the leading citizens back to Babylon. Mark, J. J. The Moabite Stone has also been reinterpreted in light of recent scholarship which demonstrates that the people of Moab also worshipped Yahweh and the reference to Mesha taking the vessels of Yahweh to Kemosh most likely means he repossessed what he felt belonged to the Moabites, not that he conquered Israel and its god in the name of his own. "Yahweh." Family Religion in Babylonia, Syria and Israel: Continuity and Change A History of the Ancient Near East ca. The story of Atram-hasis, the Mesopotamian "Noah," is the original story of the flood, in which the god Enlil decides to destroy humanity, because the people annoy the gods with their noise. Meskilak was a Dilmunite goddess and the wife of Inzak. Enslaved haben mit Heimdal vieles richtig gemacht und ein vielseitiges wie weitsichtiges Werk abgeliefert, trotz den erwhnten . The discovery of Amenhotep III's mention of the Shasu of Yahweh placed the god much earlier in history than had been accepted previously. The three main gods were Ea (Sumerian: Enki), the god of wisdom and magic,. Ura is the earliest attested consort of Anu, as evidenced by Sumerian texts dating to the third millennium BCE. At this time, scholars have established, the older works which eventually became the Hebrew Scriptures were revised to reflect a monotheistic belief system among the Israelites far earlier than was actually practiced. This in itself suggests a shift in cultural prominence from the ancient Sumerians to the later Babylonians. [38], With the notable exception of Yahweh himself, the deities worshipped by Israel were also Canaanite. The name YHWH, consisting of the sequence of consonants Yod, Heh, Waw, and Heh, is known as the tetragrammaton. It's based on the fusion of a Sumerian god named Yah and a Mesopotamian god named Weh." Nothing about that sentence is even remotely right. Allani, in Mesopotamia known as Allatum, was the Hurrian goddess of the underworld. atumdug was a goddess from the early pantheon of Lagash. Yahweh, according to Amzallag, was transformed from one god among many to the supreme deity by the Israelites in the Iron Age (c.1200-930 BCE) when iron replaced bronze and the copper smelters, whose craft was seen as a kind of transformative magic, lost their unique status. Shuwala, the tutelary goddess of Mardaman, a city located in the north of modern Iraq, is attested in sources from the Ur III period. Many legendary characters have more than one name. 9. A passage like this reflects the early beliefs of the Canaanites and Israelites in polytheism or, more accurately, henotheism (the belief in many gods with a focus on a single supreme deity). Many scholars believe that the most proper meaning may be He Brings into Existence Whatever Exists (Yahweh-Asher-Yahweh). World History Encyclopedia, 22 Oct 2018. A woman of the Levite tribe among the Israelites hides her son and then sends him downriver in a basket to be found by pharaoh's daughter, who adopts him; this child is Moses (Exodus 2:1-10). (Type in a word or a number e.g. The Moabite Stone was discovered in 1868 in modern-day Jordan and the find published in 1870. Anatu The name is derived from 'Anat,' the Semitic goddess of fertility and war and hunting. Thus, the tetragrammaton became the artificial Latinized name Jehovah (JeHoWaH). Essentially the supreme lord of all the gods and mortals according to Mesopotamian religion. His Many Greek transcriptions also indicated that YHWH should be pronounced Yahweh. Nanibgal was initially a title or alternate name of Nisaba, but eventually developed into a distinct goddess attested in the god list. The character and power of Yahweh were codified following the Babylonian Captivity of the 6th century BCE and the Hebrew scriptures were canonized during the Second Temple Period (c. 515 BCE-70 CE) to include the concept of a messiah whom Yahweh would send to the Jewish people to lead and redeem them. [62] Sacrifice was presumably complemented by the singing or recital of psalms, but again the details are scant. [65] Shiloh, Bethel, Gilgal, Mizpah, Ramah and Dan were also major sites for festivals, sacrifices, the making of vows, private rituals, and the adjudication of legal disputes. Uumgallu ("prime venomous snake") was an apotropaic snake monster similar to bamu. Corrections? The names of the principal gods of Akkad and Sumer, c.3100 BC. [57][58] From these ideas, Second Temple Judaism would later emerge, whence Christianity, Rabbinic Judaism, and Islam. Yahweh originates out of Canaan though he is described [sic] concerning his theophany with Baal. [37], Yahweh was originally described as one of the sons of El in Deuteronomy 32:89, but this was removed by a later emendation to the text. Mandanu was a divine judge, attested after the Old Babylonian period, but absent from older god lists such as the so-called Weidner and Nippur lists. Mark, published on 22 October 2018. [43][44] In each kingdom the king was also the head of the national religion and thus the viceroy on Earth of the national god. Mami or Mama is a mother goddess whose name means "mother". Detail, Noah Window, ChartresWalwyn (CC BY-NC-SA). Seven gods A. Home to the ancient civilizations of Sumer, Assyria, and Babylonia these peoples are credited with influencing mathematics and astronomy. According to Sumerian poetry, the goddess Ninmah acted as a midwife. The name Yahweh comes from the Hebrew word for "I am." When God met Moses at the burning bush and commanded him to go back to Egypt and lead the people out, Moses asked who he should say has sent him. The top 4 are: babylonians, mesopotamia, uruk and assyria. Thus Genesis 4:16, attributed by literary critics to the so-called `Yahwistic' source, traces the worship of Yahweh back to the earliest days of the human race, while other passages trace the revelation and worship of Yahweh back to Moses [in the Book of Exodus]. He was the preserver of life on earth, and the protector of humans against the evil designs of their, and his arch enemy, GodEnlil, the future monotheist Satan. https://www.worldhistory.org/Yahweh/. Babylon was conquered by Cyrus the Great (d. 530 BCE) of the Persians who allowed the Jewish leaders to return to their homeland in 538 BCE. (Deuteronomy 33:26-28), There is almost no agreement on his origins. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Yahweh was a Canaanite god of metallurgy who was transformed by the ancient Israelites into the One True God, creator of heaven and earth. Cookie Notice Die Antworten liefern Tracks ohne jegliche Abstriche wie Behind The Mirror, Congelia oder Forest Dweller, die frisch, unverbraucht und eine Moderne der norwegischen Klte prsentieren. Laguda was a god associated with the Persian Gulf. [56] Greek translations of the Hebrew scriptures render both the tetragrammaton and adonai as kyrios (), meaning "the Lord". Thank you for your help! TEXT CUT BOOK Keep Your Card in Tins Poilet Books will be issued only on presentation of proper library cards. Omissions? Pabilshag was a god whose worship is attested from the Early Dynastic Period onwards. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [86] Other Roman writers, such as Juvenal, Petronius, and Florus, identified Yahweh with the god Caelus. From their courses, they fought against Sisera. It is generally accepted in the modern day, however, that Yahweh originated in southern Canaan as a lesser god in the Canaanite pantheon and the Shasu, as nomads, most likely acquired their worship of him during their time in the Levant. Yahweh, name for the God of the Israelites, representing the biblical pronunciation of YHWH, the Hebrew name revealed to Moses in the book of Exodus. and our In this passage from Deuteronomy, El gives each of the gods authority over a segment of the people of earth and Yahweh is assigned to the Israelites who, in time, will make him their supreme and only deity; but it is clear he existed beforehand as a lesser Canaanite god. For this reason, the Sumerian god was also known by the title Lord of the Sweet Waters. This is an apt description of the script, as it is easily recognized thanks to its wedge-shaped characters. [69], It is unclear when the worship of Yahweh alone began. Lugaldukuga was the father of Enlil in some traditions, Nammu is the primordial goddess who, in some Sumerian traditions, was said to have given birth to both An and, Ama-arhus (Nin-amaaruu; "(lady) compassionate mother") was a sparsely attested Mesopotamian divinity, explained as a title of the medicine goddess, Amasagnudi was the wife of Papsukkal in the god list, Amashilama was the daughter of Ninazu and his wife, Antu is a goddess who was invented during the. It is a historic region of West Asia within the Tigris-Euphrates river system. The most important god in the Sumerian pantheon is An (known also as Anu to the Akkadians). ", "Kinship and Kingship: The early Monarchy", "The Rise of YHWH in Judahite and Israelite Religion", "Proposals for the Original Profile of YHWH", "Jewish Religious Life in the Persian Period", "Yahweh, the Canaanite God of Metallurgy? Sumer (not Sumeria, which wasn't a thing) is the southern part of Mesopotamia (so that's like saying "a Texan god named Yah and an American god named Weh"). Ninmug was the tutelary goddess of metal workers. [70] The early supporters of this faction are widely regarded as being monolatrists rather than true monotheists;[71] they did not believe Yahweh was the only god in existence, but instead believed he was the only god the people of Israel should worship. Recently, Rick vanquished one of an implied multitude of Zeuses over some misguided paternity issues. Numushda was a god who was associated with the city of Kazallu. Amzallag specifically cites the ancient copper mines of the Timna Valley (in southern Israel), biblical and extra-biblical passages, and similarities of Yahweh to gods of metallurgy in other cultures for support. Ninhegal was a goddess of abundance worshiped in Sippar. Shuzianna was a goddess regarded as the second wife of Enlil. [13] The shortened forms "Yeho-" and "Yo-" appear in personal names and in phrases such as "Hallelujah! (394). It appears in every book but Esther, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs. The mountains quaked at Yahwehs presence, Learn about the Hebrews, whom Moses led out of slavery in Egypt. dictabam interveniendas laboramus legavisset neturae in Hebrew Gematria equals 3210: d 4 i 9 c 3 t 100 a 1 b 2 a 1 m 30 0 i 9 n 40 t 100 e 5 r 80 v 700 e 5 n 40 i 9 e 5 n 40 d 4 a 1 s 90 0 l 20 a 1 b 2 o 50 r 80 a 1 m 30 u 200 s 90 0 l 20 e 5 g 7 a 1 v 700 i 9 s 90 s 90 e 5 t 100 0 n 40 e 5 t 100 u 200 r in Hebrew Gematria equals 3210: d 4 i 9 c 3 t 100 a 1 b 2 a 1 m 30 . san antonio housing authority login / chapter 23 care of patients with infection quizlet / chapter 23 care of patients with infection quizlet Moses learns his true identity as an Israelite and, after killing an Egyptian, flees to the land of Midian where, in time he encounters Yahweh in the form of a burning bush (Exodus 3, 4:1-17). Zababa was a war god who served as the tutelary deity of Kish. who rides through the heavens to your help and the clouds in His majesty. The Shasu (also given as Shashu) were a Semitic, nomadic people described as outlaws or bandits by the Egyptians and, in fact, they are named on the column of the temple at Soleb among Egypt's other enemies and appear later, in an inscription from the reign of Ramesses II (r. 1279-1213 BCE), as among the pharaoh's enemies at the Battle of Kadesh. Damu was a god who presides over healing and medicine. His wife is the earth goddess Ki. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Akkad - The northern part of Mesopotamia. The following is a list of Mesopotamiandeities. Anu was represented by the number 60, Enlil by 50, Ea by 40, Sin, the moon god, by 30, Shamash by 20, Ishtar by 15, and Adad, the god of storms, by 6. the earth trembled, the sky also dropped. In fact, the word Mesopotamia means "between rivers" in Greek. In this new age, the Israelites in Canaan sought to distance themselves from their neighbors in order to consolidate political and military strength and so elevated Yahweh above El as the supreme being and claimed him as their own. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Ninegal or Ninegalla, known in Akkadian as Belet Ekallim. Aralu A nether-world that is expansive, but dark and gloomy. Sumerian God Weh. [41], Iron II saw the emergence of nation-states in the Southern Levant including Israel, Judah, Philistia, Moab, Ammon, Edom and Phoenicia. [36] Although the Biblical account draws a clear distinction between Israelites and Canaanites in this period, and this was followed in early scholarship, the modern consensus is that there was no distinction in language or material culture between these groups and scholars accordingly define Israelite culture as a subset of Canaanite culture. Imdugud, later known as Anz, is an enormous bird-like monster with the head of a lion described as so huge that the flapping of its wings was thought to be the cause of sandstorms and whirlwinds. During the night he traveled through the underworld and passed judgement on the dead. Thirdly, there is not a god named "Way" it's Ea, and it's debatable that they would be pronounced the same, there is no evidence that they're spelled the same. Jewish God Yahweh Originated in Canaanite Vulcan, Says New Theory by Ariel David, On the Origins of Yahweh: A Response to Martin Leuenberger, Yahweh, the Canaanite God of Metallurgy? The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. In Babylonia and Assyria, he was called Adad, in Ugrait, he was Hadad, and in Sumer, he was known as Iskur. In time, this practice evolved into worship of deities such as El, Asherah, Baal, Utu-Shamash, and Yahweh among others. The monotheism of the Hebrew Scriptures would later be appropriated by the adherents of Christianity who would continue veneration of Yahweh, eventually known as Jehovah and then, simply, as God, and Islam would also develop the deity under the name of Allah (the God) beginning in the 7th century CE. As a result, their interactions escalate into one form of conflict or another. The Godchecker Holy Database currently contains 149 Mesopotamian deity names these are listed below. Sumugan (also spelled Sumuqan) or akkan was a god associated with quadrupeds, In Assyrian mythology, Tashmetu is the divine consort of, Tutu was the tutelary god of Borsippa at least between Ur III. Ninimma was a courtier of Enlil regarded as his scribe and sometimes as the nurse of his children. Shara was a local deity associated with the city of Umma, where his main temple was the E-mah. Reading of the theonym LUM-ma is unclear. Tweet. [10] When reading from the scriptures, Jews began to substitute the divine name with the word adonai (), meaning "Lord". His association with the forge, and with imagery of fire, smoke, and smiting, worked as well in describing a god of storms and war and so Yahweh's character changed from a deity of transformation to one of conquest. During the Second Temple Period (c.515 BCE-70 CE) Judaism was revised, the Torah canonized, and a new understanding of the divine established which today is known as monotheism the belief in a single deity. [12] In these texts, he is often mentioned alongside traditional Graeco-Roman deities and Egyptian deities. It was the seat of government for Sargon the Great. Silili is an obscure goddess who was apparently the mother of all horses. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. 2. Yahweh is the name of the state god of the ancient kingdom of israel and, later, the kingdom of judah. While the great gods of the pantheon were worshipped by priests at . Ningirida was the wife of Ninazu and mother of Ningishzida and his two sisters. For the modern Jewish conception of Yahweh, see, Neo-Babylonian and Persian Periods (586332BCE), The Cambridge History of Judaism: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period p 779 William David Davies, Louis Finkelstein, Steven T. Katz 2006 "(BT Kidd 7ia) The historical picture described above is probably wrong because the Divine Names were a priestly Name was one of the climaxes of the Sacred Service: it was entrusted exclusively to the High Priest once a year on the". The rest of the Book of Exodus details the Ten Plagues which Yahweh sends on Egypt and how Moses leads his people to freedom. For Yahweh's portion is his people, Jacob his allotted heritage. YHWH. Written in sumerian script but in a language closely related to hebrew, the tablets showed. Pazuzu is a demonic god who was well known to the Babylonians and Assyrians throughout the first millennium BC. As with all ancient religions (as well as modern), the faith of the people was based on an understanding of quid pro quo (this-for-that) in which they would honor and serve a deity and, in return, would receive protection and guidance. This identification had a long-lasting influence on Nanaya by introducing associations with the moon and archery. Hahharnum and Hayyashum were the Mesopotamian adaptation of Hurrian words for heaven and earth, In Mesopotamia, the cult of Herakles was syncretised with the cults of Nergal and the Persian deity, Humban was an Elamite god associated with the concept of kingship and divine protection (, abrtum was a goddess understood as either "she of. Lugalbanda was an early legendary king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who was later declared to be a god. He was also associated with water, as he dwelt in Abzu, also spelled Apsu - the freshwater ocean believed to be beneath the earth. 03 Mar 2023. Kumarbi was one of the main gods of the Hurrians, An Elamite deity known chiefly from a passage mentioning "the forest of Manziniri.". In Mesopotamia and Syria, Artemis was identified with the goddess Nanaya. Tweet. [60] His worship presumably involved sacrifice, but many scholars have concluded that the rituals detailed in Leviticus 116, with their stress on purity and atonement, were introduced only after the Babylonian exile, and that in reality any head of a family was able to offer sacrifice as occasion demanded. The Assyrian Empire fell to an invading force of Babylonians, Medes, and others in 612 BCE and the Babylonians claimed the region of Canaan. Moses mother was called Jochebed (Yokheved), a name based on the name Yahweh. Mesopotamian Gods Family Tree UsefulCharts 1.38M subscribers Subscribe 24K Share 1M views 1 year ago Watch Mythology with Mike's video about Ishtar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Anpre.. Muuu ("furious snake" or "aweful snake") was a dragon-like creature (sometimes a lion-dragon hybrid), depicted as a servant of various gods in Mesopotamian art. The inscription mentions how Mesha, after defeating the Israelites, took the vessels of Yahweh to Kemosh (the chief god of Moab), meaning the objects sacred to the worship of Yahweh in the temple, most likely the temple in Israel's capital of Samaria (Kerrigan, 78-79). Kulullu ("fish man") was an apotropaic creature depicted a centaur-like fish-man. World History Encyclopedia. Nin-MAR.KI (reading uncertain) was the daughter of Nanshe. [12] Secondly, the only source I can find for Yah immediately is. [45], Yahweh filled the role of national god in the kingdom of Israel (Samaria), which emerged in the 10th century BCE; and also in Judah, which emerged probably a century later[46] (no "God of Judah" is mentioned anywhere in the Bible). Yes, the clouds dropped water. [72] Finally, in the national crisis of the exile, the followers of Yahweh went a step further and outright denied that the other deities aside from Yahweh even existed, thus marking the transition from monolatrism to true monotheism. Ningikuga is a goddess of reeds and marshes. Thank you! Aruru was initially a distinct minor goddess, regarded as violent and connected to vegetation; Sherida (Sumerian) or Aya (Akkadian) was the wife of the sun god Utu/Shamash and the goddess of dawn. God has no shortage of names--He is called by almost 1000 different ones in the Bible. The kingdoms of Israel and Judah periodically warred or allied with each other until 722 BCE when the Assyrians destroyed Israel and, in keeping with their usual military policies, deported the inhabitants and replaced them with others from their empire. Although Christian scholars after the Renaissance and Reformation periods used the term Jehovah for YHWH, in the 19th and 20th centuries biblical scholars again began to use the form Yahweh. (397). Nimintabba was a minor goddess who belonged to the entourage of Nanna, the tutelary god of Ur. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Nintu is a Sumerian mother goddess associated with childbirth. As the traditional sacrifices to Yahweh (see below) could not be performed outside Israel, other practices including sabbath observance and circumcision gained new significance. As the use of the name spread throughout medieval Europe, the initial letter J was pronounced according to the local vernacular language rather than Latin. He is the son of the couple Anshar and Kishar (heaven and earth, respectively), the second-born of the primordial couple Apsu and Tiamat. Updates? Yahweh, as the actual name of the supreme being, seems to have remained in use until the Babylonian Exile in the 6th century BCE. The ancient Mesopotamians believed that their deities lived in Heaven, [9] but that a god's statue was a physical embodiment of the god himself. Thus, the tribe of Levi, to which Moses belonged, probably knew the name Yahweh, which originally may have been (in its short form Yo, Yah, or Yahu) a religious invocation of no precise meaning evoked by the mysterious and awesome splendour of the manifestation of the holy. Ningishzida is a god who normally lives in the Underworld. Though scholars know the Anunnaki as the gods of ancient Mesopotamia, fringe theorists believe they are ancient alien invaders from the planet Nibiru. Stormbringer Singlebrse #117. [28] An answer many scholars consider plausible is the Kenite hypothesis, which holds that traders brought Yahweh to Israel along the caravan routes between Egypt and Canaan. Mesopotamia is important because it witnessed crucial advancements in the development of human civilisation between 6000-1550 BC. He was brought into the pantheon by the Amorites in the third millennium BC. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Yahweh as the all-powerful creator, preserver, and redeemer of the universe was then later developed by the early Christians as their god who had sent his son Jesus as the promised messiah and Islam interpreted this same deity as Allah in their belief system. Mesopotamian gods and goddesses are known from the literature of the Sumerian people, the oldest written language on our planet.Those stories were written down by city administrators whose jobs involved the upkeep of the religion, along with the upkeep of commerce and trade. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. In the earliest Biblical literature Yahweh is a storm-god typical of ancient Near Eastern myths, marching out from a region to the south or south-east of Israel with the heavenly host of stars and planets that make up his army to do battle with the enemies of his people Israel: [17], There is none like God, O Jeshurun [a name for Israel] They saw the messiah in Zerubbabel, a descendant of the House of David who seemed, briefly, to be about to re-establish the ancient royal line, or in Zerubbabel and the first High Priest, Joshua (Zechariah writes of two messiahs, one royal and the other priestly). Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. ubula was a minor god most likely associated with the. Auch heute gibt es fr jeden Topf ein Deckelchen. For example: Howard the Duck: Inverted; Pazuzu is the patron god of the Doucheblade.Played straight with the other Mesopotamian gods, whose followers were . Miller and Hayes comment: Perhaps the most noticeable characteristic of Yahweh in Israel's early poetry and narrative literature is his militancy. [25] The current consensus is therefore that Yahweh was a "divine warrior from the southern region associated with Seir, Edom, Paran and Teman". The origins of his worship reach at least to the early Iron Age, and likely to the Late Bronze Age if not somewhat earlier, and in the oldest biblical literature he possesses attributes typically ascribed to weather and war deities, fructifying the land and leading the heavenly army against Israel's . El was the chief deity of the Canaanite pantheon and the god who, according to the Bible, gave Yahweh authority over the Israelites: When the Most High [El] gave to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of men, he fixed the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the Sons of God. (112). Mammitum was one of the goddesses who could be identified as the wife of Nergal. [12], The god's name was written in paleo-Hebrew as ( in block script), transliterated as YHWH; modern scholarship has reached consensus to transcribe this as Yahweh. This paper views the relevance of cuneiform texts to the history of science from inside, i.e., from the perspective of the available sources, as well as from outside, i.e., from t While in texts from cities such as Nippur Ura was an earth goddess, in Dilbat it was the name of an unrelated male god, husband of Ninegal, who served as the city's tutelary deity. Last modified October 22, 2018. As a Mesopotamian god, Idim was the creator of the first human, and the father of his immediate generations, as he was sometimes referred to in the ancient literature. The biblical narrative, however, is not as straightforward as it may seem as it also includes reference to the Canaanite god El whose name is directly referenced in `Israel' (He Who Struggles with God or He Who Perseveres with God). Yahweh was an ancient Levantine deity that became the national god of ancient Israel and Judah. The reading of the name of this goddess, NIN.SAR (possibly to be understood as "Lady Herbs"), is uncertain, -ebarzida temple in Ur and other temples in, Ninsun was a goddess whose name can be understood as "lady of the wild cows.". He further claims that the name of the god of the Edomites, Qos, is an epithet for Yahweh and notes how the Edomites, a people closely associated with metallurgy, were the primary workers and administrators of the copper mines at Timna and, further, that Edom is never mentioned in the Bible as challenging Israel in the name of a foreign god; thus suggesting that the two peoples worshipped the same deity (390-392). Sumer was the southern part. The Sumerian term Martu, also used as the gods' name, had a more vague meaning - "westerner." The god was envisioned as a tutelary deity of the Amorites by the Mesopotamians, and in texts he was a courtier or even son of the sky god An and his wife Urash. Enki and Ninki were two primordial beings who were regarded as the first generation among the. In his prophecies, Ezekiel describes a divine being as `a man was there, whose appearance shone like copper' (Ezek. "[14] The sacrality of the name, as well as the Commandment against "taking the name 'in vain'", led to increasingly strict prohibitions on speaking or pronouncing the term in writing. Erra is a warlike god who is associated with pestilence and violence. erua was an Assyrian goddess associated with Ashur. [3] The origins of his worship reach at least to the early Iron Age, and likely to the Late Bronze Age if not somewhat earlier,[4] and in the oldest biblical literature he possesses attributes typically ascribed to weather and war deities, fructifying the land and leading the heavenly army against Israel's enemies. In Mesopotamia", "Agriculture as Civilization: Sages, Farmers, and Barbarians", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Mesopotamian_deities&oldid=1141283478, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [11] The High Priest of Israel was permitted to speak the name once in the Temple during the Day of Atonement, but at no other time and in no other place.