ethical guidelines for using animals in research

A researcher's assessment of what is considered acceptable suffering shouldbe based on the animals that suffer the most. View some ethical scenarios what would you do. Ensure that all individuals under their supervision who are using animals have received instruction in research methods and in the care, maintenance and handling of the species being used, to the extent appropriate to their role. Psychologists studying the use of AAIs should have the expertise to recognize behavioral and/or physiological signs of stress and distress in the species involved in the study. This means, among other things,that researchers must conduct literature studies, consider alternativeexperiment designs and perform design calculations before beginningexperiments. (1991). These principles alsostate what can reasonably be considered harm and benefit, and the principles thusfacilitate good assessments. The researcher(s) should monitor the research and the subjects welfare throughout the course of an investigation to ensure continued justification for the research. Theresponsibility also entails an obligation to consider the scientific quality of theexperiments and whether the experiments will have relevant scientific benefits. Researchers outline a three-pronged approach to conducting ethical research with animals, using the principles of non-maleficence, beneficence, and voluntary participation. Rabie Fayed Follow Professor at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Advertisement Recommended The EEA Agreement obliges Norway to implement EU Directive 2010/63/EUon the Protection of Animals used for Scientific Purposes. It is generally thought that it may be necessary to use laboratory animals in somecases in order to create improvements for people, animals or the environment. NENT does not have accessto any sanctions of its own. This essay supports animal rights. A veterinary perspective on the recently published guidelines for animal-assisted interventions in health-care facilities. The animals selected for a procedure should be of an appropriate species and quality and the minimum number required to obtain valid results. Psychologists should ensure that personnel involved in their research with nonhuman animals be familiar with these guidelines. If nonhuman animals are to be used, the species chosen for the study should be the best suited to answer the question(s) posed. Field research, if strictly observational, may not require animal care committee approval (USDA, 2000). NENT's role in following up the guidelines is toprovide advice and recommendations, help increase awareness of animal welfare,and to stimulate continued discussion about research that involves animals. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015.https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2015-06-18-761, Act of 2 April 1993 No. (1990). The guidelines primarily address the "researcher" but nonetheless, it applies to any individual involved including funding and approval authorities. All surgical procedures and anesthetization should be conducted under the direct supervision of a person who is trained and competent in the use of the procedures. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Experimental procedures that require prolonged aversive conditions or produce tissue damage or metabolic disturbances require greater justification and surveillance by the psychologist and IACUC. (2015). In general, the negative results of experiments on animals should be publicknowledge. Research Animal Resources. APA has adopted separate guidelines for the use of nonhuman animals in research and teaching at the pre-college level. Institute of Laboratory Animal Research. The overarching framework for these guidelines is provided by theGuidelines for Research Ethics in Science and Technology(2016), particularlyguidelines 12 and 13. As behavior is not only the focus of study of many experiments but also a primary source of information about an animals health and well-being, investigators should watch for and recognize deviations from normal, species-typical behaviors as indicators of potential health problems. AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals. https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/2020-01/2020-Euthanasia-Final-1-17-20.pdf, Animal Welfare Act 7 U.S.C. Dess, N. K., & Foltin, R. W. (2004). 02-5083). Wheathampstead (UK): Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Ethical justification of animal research is, in some ways, more difficult than the scientific justification as an individuals personal beliefs can affect the way they may view the research. Genetically modifying laboratory animals, i.e. Reporting Concerns For serious questions or concerns about animal welfare, the process of review, or about committee decisions, contact: Frances Lawrenz Institutional Official (612) 625-2046 lawrenz@umn.edu You may also report animal welfare concerns or policy violations via the University of Minnesota's reporting system. A risk-benefit analysis involves showing that the benefits of a study outweigh the risks. And the proper use of animals, including the avoidance or minimization of discomfort, distress, and pain when consistent with sound scientific practices, is imperative. Whenever possible behavioral procedures should be used that minimize discomfort to the nonhuman animal. Researchinstitutions should provide training on suitable models, and researchers are responsiblefor using such methods of analysis when planning experiments on animals. Federal Register, 65(27), (Feb 9, 2000), 6312-6314. Animals being used in research has played a greater role in several scientific and medical advances of the previous century and continues to assist our understanding of basic principles underlying behavior and to progressing the welfare . (1996). Only the number required to obtain reliable data must be used in an experiment. Ethics and Alternatives for Animal Use in Research and Teaching . Ethical guidelines for using animals in research. (2011). Also online at www.nimh.nih.gov/research/animals.cfm. It boils down to the following: is the ethical cost of the research (the pain of the animals, the ultimate death of the animals) either balanced or outweighed by the potential value of the research to human or animal health, the advancement of knowledge, or the good of society? Questions about these guidelines should be referred to the APA Committee on Animal Research and Ethics (CARE) via email at science@apa.org, by phone at 202-336-6000, or in writing to the American Psychological Association, Science Directorate, Office of Research Ethics, 750 First St., NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242 (2000). COVID-19: Vaccine Program | Testing |Visitor Guidelines | Information for EmployeesMONKEYPOX: UConn Health is NOT currently offering the monkeypox vaccine. Guidelines for the care and use of mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research. In such cases, researchers must seek to observe the principle ofproportionality (see guideline 3) and minimise the possible negative impact. Ethical guidelines that govern the use of human subjects in research are a fairly new but important construct . since considering ethics in animal experiments is a crucial issue in the modern era of medical research, in this paper, we have provided some guidelines (most of which have been adopted from guidelines for ethical conduct in the care and use of animals provided by american association of psychologists) which could be useful for researchers to APA does not provide specific guidelines for the maintenance of psychological well-being of research animals, as procedures that are appropriate for a particular species may not be for others. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32010L0063, Regulation on the capture and collection of wild animals for scientific or other special purposes(Forskrift om innfanging og innsamling av vilt for vitenskapelige eller andre srlige forml). Guidelines for animal-assisted interventions in healthcare facilities. APA members working outside the United States must also follow all applicable laws and regulations of the country in which they conduct research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Proceed rapidly when it is appropriate that an animal's life be terminated, with an effort to minimize pain and in accordance with accepted procedures. These guidelines provide a framework that also covers ethical questions associatedwith the use of genetically modified animals in research. Surgical procedures, because of their invasive nature, require close supervision and attention to humane considerations by the psychologist. This includes settings where the principal subjects of the research are humans, but nonhuman animals are used as part of the study, such as research on the efficacy of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) and research conducted in zoos, animal shelters, and so on. The guidelines will be useful when planning projects, assessing them, and when reporting and publishing findings and results. It exceeds the requirements in the European Union's Directive 86/609/EEC on the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes, which is now undergoing revision ( Matthiessen et al, 2003 ). When euthanasia is appropriate, either as a requirement of the research or because it constitutes the most humane form of disposition of a nonhuman animal at the conclusion of the research: Euthanasia must be accomplished in a humane manner, appropriate for the species and age, and in such a way as to ensure immediate death, and in accordance with procedures outlined in the latest version of the AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association) Guidelines on Euthanasia of Animals (2020). In Norway, the use of laboratory animals is governed by the RegulationsRelating to the Use of Animals in Research, which follow from the Animal WelfareAct. They are also intended to contribute to reflection on research ethics and the use of animals in research in both research communities and in the public debate. Multiple surgeries on the same animal must be justified and receive approval from the IACUC. National Research Council. Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Animals in Research was developed by the American Psychological Association Committee on Animal Research and Ethics in 2020 and 2021. The Act requires that proposals for research involving the use of animals must be fully assessed in terms of any harm to the animals. The guidelines cover three areas: the use of animals in school science behavior projects, the use of human participants in research or demonstrations conducted by high school students, and ethical guidelines for teachers. Use a procedure subjecting animals to pain, stress or privation only when an alternative procedure is unavailable and the goal is justified by its prospective scientific, educational or applied value. Please visit the CT DPH website for more information or contact your health provider directly. These rules providea zero vision for research using animals. Please visit the, Office of the Vice President for Research, Faculty Affiliated Companies/External Entities, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Initial Animal User Training Registration Form, Animals in research ethical justification. University of Minnesota. The National Committee for Research Ethics in Science and Technology has made guidelines to support ethical principles for researchers who are considering experimentations on animals. This document is meant to be aspirational and thereby provides recommendations for the professional conduct of specified activities. Whenever reasonable, psychologists are encouraged to first test on themselves the painful stimuli to be used on nonhuman animal subjects. Ethical Guidelines For Using Animals In Research Apart from the above principles, the most influential subject matter on the ethics of animal use is the guidelines formed by the Norwegian National Committee for Research Ethics in Science and Technology (NENT). (2011). Researchers must have respect for animals' worth, regardless of their utility value,and for animals' interests as living, sentient creatures.

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