what caused the puncture marks on the victims bones

Puncture wounds are prone to infection, and the risk of infection is even greater if the injury was caused by a dog bite. The opinions expressed in all articles published here are those of the specific author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of Dove Medical Press Ltd or any of its employees. No radiating fracture lines; long bones break at right angles with flat ends; color of break different from rest of bone; David Halliday, Jearl Walker, Robert Resnick, Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences, Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics. Bullets move in a straight line through the body, except when they hit a bone. 9. Top, Copyright 2023 Dove Press Ltd These observations can provide some insight into the warning signs of dog attacks.5, Strategies for prevention and risk mitigation, Severe dog attacks are a probable product of many factors not only animal related but also victim related.2,5,14 A public health program that aimed at reducing these incidents could be directed to both of them, but the major strategy has been the promotion of a breed-specific legislation (BSL).1,13,44,45 BSL typically prohibits the breeding and ownership of certain breeds or types of dogs categorized as dangerous or aggressive, which is based on attack records or aggressive potential.46 However, any dog can be prepared for attack and a precise determination of breed may not be posible.8,13 Obtaining a honest attack record is difficult due to scarce data on the reference population, incomplete breed registration, incorrect breed identification, the number of nonpurebred dogs, and the narrow scope of relevant studies.6,14,46 Moreover, while BSL is rarely based on such records,46 periodically there are reports of other breeds responsible for maulings and deaths.4 Saint Bernard, Great Dane, Golden Retriever, Collie, Labrador Retriever, Dachshund, and Yorkshire Terrier are not aggressive breeds, but they have mauled persons to death on occasion.14 Great Danes caused the most reported human dog bite-related fatalities between 1997 and 1998 in the United States, and since 1975, dogs belonging to >30 breeds have been responsible for fatal attacks on people.14 Cornelissen and Hopster affirmed that all dogs can bite and therefore one should always be careful when interacting with a dog, even a family dog and during play. Bones - Episode 4, Season 3 "The Secret in the Soil", In no particular order, find the answers to these questions in the. In contrast to the outdoor context, the indoor interference is usually caused only by carnivores and rodents. Knives have a handle, and at the end of that handle is what is called the hilt. Symptoms of an Achilles tendon rupture are hard to ignore. Koszyca B, Gilbert JD, Byard RW. Sharp-force Trauma Technically, sharp-force trauma is blunt-force trauma applied to a very small area, but, instead of causing fracture, it usually causes incision, puncture/stabbing, and chopping/hacking injuries. 8. Fonseca GM, Palacios R. An unusual case of predation: dog pack or cougar attack? After that, samples of the best reproduced bite marks were excised by using a rigid ring (to minimize shrinkage), collected, and fixed in 10% formalin. Only if a person had nails driven through his bones or was subject to. Figure 5 Fatal attack on a mentally disabled 43-year-old man.Notes: A forensic odontologist and a carnivore biologist established categorically the diagnosis of a dog pack attack when the initial hypothesis of predation either by a very large dog or a cougar was made by the local authorities. The authors mentioned that it is fundamental that appropriate standards must be followed from the beginning, and a computer-generated 3D analysis does not lead to a higher degree of positiveness in determined cases. 2011;7(4):309310. Bites to the forearms are also common as the limbs are raised in an attempt to protect the face. The interincisal and intercanine distances can discriminate the offending dogs if there are many suspected animals involved.3,8 The incisors may not produce markings, but the presence of six incisors of an arch mark excludes a human bite. Fractures are usually caused by traumas like falls, car accidents or sports injuries. Mol Phylogenet Evol. Bitemarks can provide useful evidence in cases of assault (particularly in cases of Non Accidental . 2012; 171(17):424. (2015, February 4). The upper extremities are then disarticulated from the trunk followed by the lower extremities. 2015 The Author(s). Accidental stab wounds- a) from falls while a person is in the act of running with a pointed instrument in his hand or pocket. Professor Henrik Druid, Gabriel M Fonseca,1 Esther Mora,2 Joaquin Lucena,3 Mario Cantin,4 1Faculty of Dentistry, Laboratory of Forensic Dentistry, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; 2Dental Sinai Hospital & Research Center, 3Forensic Pathology Service, Institute of Legal Medicine, Seville, Spain; 4Faculty of Dentistry, Doctoral Program in Morphological Science, Universidad La Frontera, Temuco, Chile Abstract: The interaction between domestic animals and humans has not been free of conflicts, and dog attacks represent a real problem, not only for the health consequences, but also for the possible criminal, and can affect the legal or financial outcomes. A healthcare professional has 100 cc of a 2% solution. 2006;51(4):846860. Kalinkat G. Bringing animal personality research into the food web arena. Use mild soap and warm, running water. A laceration is a type of open wound and its causes are basically the result of the skin hitting an object or an object hitting the skin with a force it can be through-. Recommend this site In fact, shortly after the body was discovered, the dog vomited a large quantity of commercial dog food in addition to human tissue, which indicates that the dog was not hungry at the time of mutilation. Read More. For keyboard. In: Dorion RBJ, editor. 2013;50(6):9941006. Available from: http://acuerdos.cl/debates/ley-de-caza-de-perros-asilvestrados-problema-ecologico-o-matanza-injustificada/. (2010, December), Mayo Clinic Staff. Figure 4 Experimental model designed for taking impressions of the dogs teeth by using an ad hoc recipient device (an adapted half bottle of plastic) and alginate.Notes: The procedure must be performed under general anesthesia in the case of living dogs. Collection of biological samples from wounds is recommended. Stols G, Bernitz H. Reconstruction of deformed bite marks using affine transformations. Image courtesy of forensic veterinary Noemi Friedrich, BVSc, and of the Laboratory of Forensic Dentistry, Cordoba, Argentina. It can be superficial, affecting only the surface of your skin or deep enough to involve tendons, muscles, ligaments, and bone. bite mark on the victim's shoulder. Immediately upon excavation, Tzaferis noticed a 19cm nail that had penetrated the body of the right heel bonebefore being driven into olive wood so hard that it bent. You can learn about what data of yours we retain, how it is processed, who it is shared with and your right to have your data deleted by reading our Privacy Policy. Rothschild MA, Schneider V. On the temporal onset of postmortem animal scavenging. ), Drawing of the calcaneus of Yehohanon along with a, reconstruction of the fleshed and defleshed foot skeleton. One of the most bizarre, and indeed disturbing aspects of the UFO and alien phenomena is the discovery in many victims of alleged alien abduction of small implants in their bodies. Vet Pathol. Keep it there for about 15 minutes. Generally, bones break as a result of force and/or trauma like a car crash. It was a public, painful, and slow form of execution, and used as a way to deter future crimes and humiliate the dying person. Open access peer-reviewed scientific and medical journals. a rash with bumps, red spots with a "halo," and swelling around the bite . Next, clean the cut thoroughly with an alcohol wipe, antiseptic wash, or clean water. The report was inserted between other related news such as An elderly woman is wounded after attack of her dogs; One girl was killed when being attacked by a dog; and A subject dies after being attacked by dogs.37 Similar situations can be seen in cases of postmortem depredation. A small number (1.8%) of these puncture wounds become infected and progress to osteomyelitis. In a sharp force penetrating injury caused by a knife, what can be learned from the wound is directionality, force, blade width, and depth. As previously mentioned, one of the crucial points to establish the type of canine intervention is to determine the vitality of the wounds.26 Deaths resulting from natural disease, accidents, homicides, or suicides may not be detected for some time during which animal intervention sometimes can be misinterpreted, creating different scenarios. Within this rather wealthy 1st century AD Jewish tomb, Tzaferis came across the remains of a man who seemed to have been crucified. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Note the V-shaped holes with irregular and wrinkled borders. These organizations argued that the Rule was irregularly processed and that the normative distorts the draft law of Responsible Ownership of Companion Animals or Pets. Checking out cuts, scratches, and abrasions. Pelvic fractures are typically the result of high impact injuries. 7. Answer the following truefalse question. Most puncture wounds are minor, and home treatment is . 2015;60(2):495500. For more severe cuts or puncture wounds, immediate medical attention is necessary. Bone fractures are classified by their pattern, cause and where they happen in your body. 6. car accidents. Determined by Pathologist only, The way a person died. Fractures can also be caused by less traumatic but repeated force. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2011:5356. Dogs produce important damage to the body, and the presence of self-defense injuries on forearms is not uncommon if the victim tried to keep away from the dogs mouth.2,13,17, It has been suggested that special attention should be paid to the patterns of behavior and the possible medical illnesses of the animals.2,6,8 The roles of hunger, prior predation and social facilitation of feeding, defense of territory, social interaction with people, environmental stimuli, estrus, and the number and size of dogs seem to be the primary causes of aggressive behavior. Note this was caused by a fist. Antemortem trauma from rodent activity the popiel phenomenon. Animal bites. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2011:217240. What caused the puncture marks on the victim's bones? Definition / general. Healed is healed: Your question is a bit confusing. Lumbar puncture is a procedure that is often performed in the emergency department to obtain information about the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Privacy Policy The Township serves approximately 150,000 residents residing in its boundaries of (roughly) Orchard Road to the west, Route 56 to the north, EolaRoad to the east, and Route 30 to the south. 24 Puncture marks are usually found in thin bones such as the scapula and are caused by the canines and/or carnassial teeth penetrating through the full thickness of the bone. Dont probe the wound if you realize part of the object that caused the wound has broken off. In: Payne-James J, Byard R, Corey T, Henderson C, editors. 2010;6(3):151157. Forensic Sci Int. He also saw fractures to the legs made around the time of death that he interpreted as evidence ofcrurifragium as well as a small scratch near the wrist that was suggestive of a nail being driven through the hand. Oxford: Academic Press. 4. The bioarchaeology of crucifixion is therefore a bit of a conundrum: it makes sense that finding evidence may be difficult because of the ravages of time on bones and wooden crosses, but the sheer volume of people killed in this way over centuries should have given us more direct evidence of the practice. 7. Sometimes the injuries are very apparent and cause for a good deal . How did the scientists determine that there was a second victim? ), Crosses at sunset. Treatment options for deep cuts include stitches, staples, or liquid stitches. Wounds caused by a dog bite might be either minor or severe. An appropriate forensic approach must include detailed assessment of the scene, the victim, and the animals involved. 3. A puncture wound is a forceful injury caused by a sharp, pointed object that penetrates the skin. Gunshot wounds occur when a bullet hits the body, producing injuries. 1992;56(1):5157. 4. The owners of the dog stated that there were other dogs in the area similar to theirs and claimed that it was one of those that had injured the girl. These patterns allow the discrimination with bites of other species, which are not accompanied by shaking nor by the usage of canines, and with stab wounds caused by sharp weapons.2,4,8,13 Animal hair is occasionally found inside the wound.30 In cases with numerous wounds to the face, it has been recommended to take a cranial X-ray to check for bone fractures and the presence of foreign bodies.23, Canids leave typical postmortem damage patterns on the bones, characterized by rounded punctures, peg-like penetrating injuries, and shallow scratches. Why was the irregular shape to the sternum of the two victims significant in the case? There was usually an inscription nailed above the victim, noting his particular crime, and sometimes victims got a wooden support to sit or stand on. The nature of bitemarks. Various treatments are available . Ministry of Agriculture. Stop the bleeding. The authors had ethical permission to use all photographs included in this paper. 7. e.g. Surfaces that are no longer continuous and no longer meet or meet at an unnatural angle. Dogs, cats, and kin: a molecular species-level phylogeny of carnivora. The huge force the bite muscle complex can exhibit allows the dog to wrench and tear and cause considerable damage.2,4,6,8,9,12,13, Although there are reports in which many breeds of dogs have been involved in fatal or nearly fatal attacks on humans, the majority of cases involve pit bull-type dogs, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds, most of whom were unrestrained on their owners holdings.1,2,6,1315 The expression pit bull-type defines a group of breeds with special features and behavioral characteristics: a tendency to not to make intimidating gestures (growling and baring of teeth) prior to attacking, greater jaw pressures, a capacity to continue grinding their posterior teeth into tissues while holding on with the canines, and an aggressive personality in a relative larger size. In a predatory bite, a dog can clamp a large portion of tissue using posterior teeth and cause drag marks and lacerations by shaking and pulling. Bitemark Evidence: A Color Atlas and Text. J Forensic Sci. Cranium fragmentation may be found but decapitation is highly unusual. The claw pattern of the majority of dogs should be interpreted according to their anatomy of the forepaws: they are symmetrical, with longest digits 3 and 4, and absence of the digit 1. Souviron refers to a case involving a deceased 5-year-old girl found in a backyard adjoining a lake. Treatment for most puncture wounds involves cleaning, irrigation, sterilizing, medication, and bandaging. 2002;23(3):238244. Wash the wound. Register your specific details and specific drugs of interest and we will match the information you provide to articles from our extensive database and email PDF copies to you promptly. To hasten death, the victim sometimes had his legs broken (crurifragium); the resulting compound fracture of the shin bones may have resulted in hemorrhage and fat embolisms, not to mention significant pain, causing earlier death. answers to these questions in the episode. Consequently, the surrounding bloodstains would be distinct from the spatter emanating from a living person.28 A common situation of dog scavenging in indoor interferences is presented in Diogenes syndrome. Put on a dry, sterile bandage. Beck J, Ostericher I, Sollish G, De Leon J. Wounds are licked in many cases and may take on a very bright and polished aspect.12,13 This pattern is accompanied by skin abrasions and superficial linear abrasions arranged parallel corresponding to claw marks, and usually present in the contour of the bite.13,16,17 There is a paucity of literature on the individualization of dog bite marks, discriminating bite marks from claw marks and their procedures.8 Bite wounds sometimes indicate characteristic tooth marks, whereas claw scratches can indicate paw size. Note this was caused by a fist. Crucifixion seems to have originated in Persia, but the Romans created the practice as we think of it today, employing either a crux immissa(similar to the Christian cross) or a crux commissa (a T-shaped cross) made up of an upright postand a crossbar. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Seek help from your doctor or go to the nearest emergency room. Even though family members claimed that an alligator attacked the child, the forensic odontologist confirmed the primary diagnosis: the three family pit bulls mauled and killed her.1 Even though most fatal animal attacks are caused by large animals where the size and power of that animal simply overpower the individual,20 an exhaustive analysis of the scene, feces, hair, footprints, and claw marks is always recommended; the collection of biological samples from the wound margins can allow the confirmation of the species involved through species diagnostic markers.10,17,2123 The location of the damage along the body and the familiarity of the pathologist with different patterns of animal behavior can be of paramount importance in the correct assessment of the offending animal.19,24 At this point, outdoor and indoor interferences have specific considerations of which to be aware.12, If animal predation happens outdoors, the environmental status, meteorological conditions, local fauna, seasonal and diurnal variations, and an animals feeding and behavior patterns are important issues to be explored.19 In a case of a 65-year-old man found dead with severe and unusual injuries, Kiuchi et al identified six different species as the offending animals.22 Even though dogs are the primary scavengers in certain outdoors contexts,21 they were excluded because of the absence of specific patterns of damage.22 Studies of dog behavior suggest they scavenge remains when they are nearly fresh and soft tissue reduction can be quick (Figure 1). 2011;206(13):e37e42. Essential Forensic Biology. Positive concordances were made for three of the five dogs, probably the more active participants in the attack. The fourth maxillary premolars and the first molar are referred usually as carnassials, and they are extremely sharp. Minor wounds usually aren't serious, but it is important to clean them. Our experimentally derived linear models suggest bite forces up to 5,641.19 N from cortical bone thickness estimated from puncture marks on an Edmontosaurus and a juvenile Tyrannosaurus. Bending force causes butterfly fracture (triangular bone fragment that breaks away from point of impact. The cause of death was attributed to exsanguination due to the extensive injuries. (c) the matrix of bone tissue. razor cuts. 5k views Reviewed >2 years ago. All human biological evidence, including a mass of gray human head hair, a calvarium, and small fragments of long bones, were found in the main walkway of the living room between the bedroom and bathroom, and a considerable amount of animal feces covered the floors. (Image used with kind permission of Joe Zias. (a) two ideal 6.0-V batteries in series wired to a capacitor followed by a resistor; (b) two ideal 12.0-V batteries in parallel, connected as a unit to two resistors in series with one another; (c) a nonideal battery (one with internal resistance) wired to two capacitors that are in parallel with each other, followed by two resistors in series with one another. In: Dorion RBJ, editor. The forensic evaluation of these death cases is often difficult because of the state of disrepair of the victims house and the frequent presence of pet dogs (Figure 2). In cases of carnivore interference, the wound margin of injuries appears less regular and usually rounded, with scratch-type abrasions resulting by the action of claws. The flailing of arms, rapid movements, or attempts at self-defense by the victim can increase the intensity of the attacks (in fact, moving slowly or not moving at all can result in a reduction of this intensity).5 It has been mentioned that, in a pack situation, once an aggressive act is initiated, whether as a playful nip or a serious bite, dogs which singly taken are docile, may join and the pack instinct escalates the attack until the victim is killed or the dogs are driven off.6, We agree with Borchelt et al that the use of behavioral analysis and simulation methods to evaluate the possible factors in dog attacks can instill confidence in the observations when there is some doubt as to the cause of death in unwitnessed cases. The taxonomic order Carnivora (not referring to feeding habits but to characteristic skull shape, jaws, and teeth among others distinguishing features) consists of ~270 extant species that include many of the worlds top terrestrial predators, iconic wild animals, and mans favorite pets, including dogs and cats. There are quite a few reports where the animal has been involved only indirectly in deaths. Apply cold packs and elevate the area to reduce pain and inflammation. Public Health Rep. 1983;98(1):5766. Use tweezers that have been cleaned with alcohol to remove debris on the surface of the cut. From the other side, and in a public statement, the Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences of the University of Chile stated that feral dogs have become a serious environmental problem that affects various wild animals. Lifting a hen off a nest, moving a bird from or onto a perch, or doing any kind of coop-cleaning or maintenance are instances where your skin can come in contact with your chicken's talons. Haglund WD, Reay DT, Swindler DR. Canid scavenging/disarticulation sequence of human remains in the Pacific Northwest. Aurora Township provides these services and muchmore. 2012;23(2):146152. (a) red marrow. 2007;28(2):177181. 2010;17(4):216219. What caused the rapid decompositions of the bodies. Selective tissue impression, excision, and preservation and direct tissue comparison are also recommended under certain circumstances.1, Bernitz et al8 defined the pattern association of dog bite marks/tooth marks as the three-dimensional analysis and the comparison of the dental arch forms, arch relationships, and individual tooth features within the described canine dental arches.8 The bite mark is compared with dog maxillary and mandibular arch in shape, teeth position, and/or individual dental features. How did the scientists determine that there was a second victim? The majority of bite marks were photographed and excised. However, the real circumstances were quite different as the attacking dog (in fact, never confirmed as a pit bull) actually attacked the victims pet (an Irish Setter), and the owner suffered a sudden cardiac death while trying to separate them. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. They are known to strip skin and tissues from the face (complicating identification) and to consume the thoracic organs making the determination of the cause of death difficult.19,29 The evaluators may have great difficulties in evaluating underlying alcoholism or significant illnesses that may have resulted in falls with bruising.26. The hot temperature 6. Dettmeyer RB. Its difficult to identify these bodies, and scavenging animals would have done further damage to the bones. What caused the puncture marks on the victim's bones? True. A compound fracture is a break or crack in your bone that is visible through your skin. ice pick, knives, axes, meat cleavers), Force delivered over a wide area; caused by anything other than a cutting or chopping instrument, 1) Blunt; 2) Sharp; 3) Projectile; and 4) Miscellaneous, Injury caused by that has a wide area of impact on bone, Compression, Bending; Shearing (occasionally), Discontinuity and fracture lines; simple and comminuted fractures; caused by any hard surfact, Usually caused by cutting and chopping instruments; Dismemberment and animal scavenging; When force applied perpendicular and down - puncture wounds; usually infractions, Complete discontinuities with displacement and fracture lines; bullets, arrows, and spears, Dynamic speed of force for projectile trauma, Anything that is not blunt, sharp, or projectile; strangulations, burns, chemicals, explosions, heat, 1) Antemortem; 2) Perimortem; 3) Postmortem, Trauma already starting to heal; porosity; rounding of edges; presence of callus, Will not exhibit signs of healing; can have green bone response, 1) Sharp edges; 2) Hinging; 3) Formation of fracture lines; 4 ) Broken ends with angled jagged surface 5) staining from hematoma, Between time of death and discovery of body. Furthermore, the sequence of consumption and disarticulation of human bodies is relatively constant and recognized: feeding usually begins at the face and neck and then moves to the thorax. 5. Knife wounds: Patterns. The force of impact is concentrated at the tip of the implement, and the sharper the tip, the easier . Available from: http://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2002-6016. 2nd ed. Agnarsson I, Kuntner M, May-Collado LJ. If the victim is unresponsive, permission to give first aid is known as . It was designed to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes as an alternative to lumbar puncture. 2002;116(5):295300. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You may also need to take antibiotics to prevent infection. Its not likely that a lot of evidence will be found, though, for a number of reasons: In the first century BC, during the revolt of Spartacus, there were reports of over 6,000 crosses with crucified victims on the road from Capua to Rome, and in the first century AD, the Romano-Jewish scholar Josephus reported that up to 500 Jews were crucified every day during the siege of Jerusalem. Determined by Pathologist only. (b) A puncture that leads to tearing of skin through a small hole caused . Wear shoes and make sure the soles are sturdy and cannot be punctured by a nail. Med Sci. In association with a veterinary doctor, all the dogs were investigated (24 Cane Corso, 1 Dalmatian, and 2 German Shepherds). Puncture Wound A puncture wound is the piercing of the body by a sharp-tipped object. First, apply pressure directly to the wound. This helps prevent infection. Forensic Sci Int. First aid is intended to: Provide temporary assistance until competent medical care, if needed, is obtained. 2006;2(4):269272. Bulk reprints for the pharmaceutical industry. Wounds are injuries that break the skin or other body tissues. Associations & Partners Off Bull State. Pits are indentations that are inflicted by any of the teeth when grasping onto bone, whereas score marks result when the teeth are dragged along the surface of the bone. Bernstein ML. A ruptured spleen can be a life threatening condition and requires immediate attention. 1995;26(1):3741. But theres only one, single bony example of Roman crucifixion, and even that is still heavily debated by experts. Rule No 65, published on January 31th of 2015. A team approach provides the best opportunity for thorough documentation of circumstance, scene analysis, and proper photographic documentation.1 In dog bite cases, the court may ask an expert to identify which specific animal caused the wounds or the fatal bite to hold responsible the proprietor of the animal.8 Bite mark analysis is a delicate commission, and well-qualified experts have differing opinions about the interpretation and use of this type of evidence.2,4 The forensic evaluation of a dog attack needs an integrated approach by a forensic pathologist with a forensic veterinary involving a review of the circumstances of death, death scene examination, and autopsy examination of the corpse. This should be long enough to stop the bleeding . A puncture wound is usually narrower and deeper than a cut or scrape. The wounds edges revealed many small, parallel, and partially curved superficial notch marks suggestive of bite wounds. 2014;83(6):12451247. The role of histopathology in forensic practice: an overview. falling onto something sharp . Severe dog-bite injuries, introducing the concept of pack attack: a literature review and seven case reports. Steadman DW, Worne H. Canine scavenging of human remains in an indoor setting. This is especially true if a bite or a rusty object caused the wound. Because of the nature of their purposefor . Arch Emerg Med. 4. The upper teeth distal to the lower teeth allow the so-called scissor bite with which the animal can lock onto its prey. Byard RW, Tsokos M. Forensic issues in cases of diogenes syndrome. 2nd ed. . A knife wound can have a distinct patterns, especially if the wound is a penetrating wound or puncture. All these features make them highly hazardous, especially to vulnerable people.4,13, Dogs incline to drag their preys down and then maul. Radio Cooperativa; 2011 [published on the Internet]. Dont play sports without using proper protective gear. Most puncture wounds are minor, and home treatment is usually . The bites produced by the upper teeth on one side of the limb would be different in appearance from those produced by the lower teeth on the opposite side. Apply gentle pressure with a clean bandage or cloth. After an accident, quickly clear away debris, such as broken glass. Fri 21 what caused the puncture marks on the victims bones. Copyright 2017 Informa PLC. J Forensic Leg Med. Complications of cuts and puncture wounds, familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/staying-healthy/first-aid/first-aid-cuts-scrapes-and-stitches.html, mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-cuts/FA00042, mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-puncture-wounds/FA00014, Treating a Cut Finger Injury, and When to See a Doctor, Achilles Tendon Rupture: Symptoms to Look For, Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, Ruptured Spleen: Symptoms and Treatment in Adults and Children, stepping on a sharp object, such as a nail, drainage, such as pus, from the wound site, warmth or swelling in the surrounding area, the bleeding is heavy, spurting, or doesnt stop after 10 minutes of applying pressure, feeling and function are impaired in the area of the cut or wound, you havent had a tetanus shot in 10 years, the cut or wound occurred due to a fish hook, the cut or wound shows the symptoms of infection, such as swelling around the site, throbbing pain, or fluid leaking from the cut or wound, a loss of function in the area of the wound.

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